Pigmentation
Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin, which is determined by the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes, specialized cells in the skin. While some level of pigmentation is normal and healthy, excessive or uneven pigmentation can result in skin discoloration or hyperpigmentation. Common types of pigmentation concerns include:
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Hyperpigmentation: This occurs when there is an overproduction of melanin, leading to areas of darker skin compared to the surrounding skin. Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or oral contraceptives), inflammation, and skin injuries (such as acne or cuts).
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Hypopigmentation: Hypopigmentation refers to areas of lighter or depigmented skin, which occur when there is a decrease in melanin production. This can be caused by conditions such as vitiligo, certain medications, or skin injuries.
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Melasma: Melasma is a specific type of hyperpigmentation characterized by brown or grayish patches on the skin, commonly affecting the face, particularly the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Melasma is often associated with hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or hormonal contraception, as well as sun exposure.
Category:Pigmentation
